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A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines. Pushers may be classified according to technical characteristics: * Lifting surfaces layout (conventional, 3 surfaces, canard, joined wing, tailless, rotorcraft), * engine /propeller location and drive. Push-pull configuration *Some aircraft named push-pull are both tractor and pusher. The following list includes push-pull aircraft even if the pushing engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example). ==Conventional layout== The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings placed ahead of a separated tailplane, but Pusher aircraft address several issues with this model: * A suitable center of gravity (CG) location, not too far aft. Aircraft of this type may present a short fuselage with an aftward extension (upper boom, lower boom, twin-boomers, aft framework) or a long fuselage with an above location of the engine (axial pod) or a lateral location of engines (on wings or lateral pods) or a central location of the engine inside the fuselage. * The aft propeller/tail conflict. Aircraft of this type may present a short fuselage with aftward boom(s), mainly direct drive, or a long fuselage with a drive shaft. * The propeller ground clearance at takeoff. Aircraft of this type may include one or more of the following : high thrust line, small propeller diameter, either free 〔BD-5, Prescott Pusher, Grinvalds Orion, Grob GF 200, Lear Fan〕 or shrouded,〔Bede XBD-2, RFB designs, Ligeti Stratos〕 skid,〔Prescott Pusher〕 ventral fin.〔cruciform tail : Goppingen Go9 , Dornier Do 335, Douglas XB-42, VmaxProbe. Y-tail : Acme Sierra, Aerocar, Lear Fan. inverted V-tail : Mini-IMP, American Eaglet, UAVs〕 * The propeller water clearance at takeoff (flying boats) : high thrust line (following aircraft : nacelle above wing, above fuselage, axial pod, upward tilting propeller shaft). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of pusher aircraft by configuration」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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